The noise is not caused by the capacitor itself, but by the thermodynamic fluctuations of the amount of charge on the capacitor.
3.
Once the capacitor is disconnected from a conducting circuit, the thermodynamic fluctuation is " frozen " at a random value with standard deviation as given above.
4.
His doctoral dissertation on thermodynamics " �ber die thermodynamischen Schwankungserscheinungen " ( On The Manifestation of Thermodynamic Fluctuations ), praised by Einstein, won top honors in 1922.
मोबाइल